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Vocational qualification is the basic
requirement of knowledge, skills and abilities essential for
performing a particular occupation. Vocation qualification can
be classified into qualification to enter into an occupation
and qualification to perform the duties of an occupation:
·
Qualification to enter into
an occupation refers to the basic starting standard of
knowledge, skills and abilities for performing a particular
profession (skilled trade);
·
Qualification to perform the
duties of an occupation refers to the implementation of the
Employment Permission System (i.e. taking up a post with a
Qualification Certificate) by the government to professions
(skilled trades) that have relatively more accountability,
wider accessibility and are related to public interest; it is
the essential standard of knowledge, skills and abilities for
setting up an independent business or performing in a
particular profession (skilled trade).
The National Vocational Qualification
Certificate System was recognized in the Mainland in 1994,
laying equal stress on school certification and vocational
qualification.
The System establishes the rules and implementation of
assessing and verifying the level of skills or vocational
qualification of candidates, according to the standard of
occupational skills or qualification to perform the duties of
an occupation established by the state, through assessment
entities recognized by the government, and awarding those
qualified corresponding Vocational Qualification Certificates.
A Vocational Qualification Certificate
proves the holder of having the knowledge and skills essential
for the practice of a particular occupation and qualifies the
holder for setting up a business in the Mainland.
Therefore, enterprises or individuals of
Macau who have the intention of developing the Mainland
market, or of establishing an organization in the Mainland, or
of negotiating business with partners in the Mainland, will
benefit from yielding twice the result with half the effort,
flexibility and credibility, with the relevant Vocational
Qualification Certificate.
Mainland China has already signed
agreements on mutual recognition of National Vocational
Qualification Certificates with a few countries, including the
Commonwealth countries, the United States, Germany, Japan and
Korea. If holders of such certificates wish to immigrate or
work in the above-mentioned countries, their certificates may
serve as document verifying their level of skills.
Occupations included in the Vocational
Qualification Certificate System fall into the categories of:
1.
Occupational Skill Testing of skilled trades – this includes:
·
production, transport
equipment operators and related workers
·
agriculture and water
conservatory labors
·
business service personnel
·
clerks and related workers
·
professional and technical
personnel.
In accordance with the
Regulation for the
Employment of Technical Trade Personnel, promulgated by
Decree No. 6 of 2 March 2000 of the Ministry of Labor and
Social Security of the People's Republic of China, personnel
of over 90 trades have to obtain corresponding Vocational
Qualification Certificates to be engaged. Personnel who are
engaged in individual industrial or commercial operation have
to obtain Vocational Qualification Certificates before the
relevant departments of industry and commerce arrange the
procedures necessary for the setting up of their business.
2. Vocational Qualification Assessment for
professional and technical personnel
Until the end of 2004, the Ministry of
Personnel, together with other relevant departments, has
established vocational qualification for professional and
technical personnel in 35 areas, namely involving areas of
accounting, translation, health, auditing, computing
technology and software, statistics, economic, registered
pharmacist, registered architect, registered
structural
engineer, registered civil engineer
(geotechnical), registered civil engineer (harbor and
waterway), registered public facility engineer, registered
electrical engineer, registered chemical engineer, supervising
engineer, cost engineer, certified public valuer,
cost estimator,
gemstone quality examiner, certified
tax accountant, enterprise legal consultant,
registered town
planner, cost evaluator, cotton
quality examiner, mining rights assessor, registered
consulting engineer (investment), registered nuclear safety
engineer, constructor, international business personnel,
estate agent, land registration agent, quality engineer,
certified safety engineer and publisher. Among them, 23 are of
qualification to perform the duties of the occupation.
There are 5
levels in a Vocational Qualification Certificate:
Occupational Skill Testing Vocational Qualification
Assessment for professional and technical personnel
   
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